BM-21 GRAD
The BM-21 “Grad” (Russian: БМ-21 “Град”, lit. ‘hail’) is a Soviet truck-mounted 122 mm multiple rocket launcher. The weapons system and the M-21OF rocket were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-Soviet border conflict.
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Type
Multiple Rocket Launcher
Role
Soviet Union / Russia
Country of Origin
1963
Introduction
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Note
The BM-21 field rocket system with a BM-21 launch vehicle (122 mm multiple rocket launcher (MRL) system) entered service with the Soviet Army in 1963 to replace the aging 140 mm BM-14 system. The launch vehicle consists of a Ural-375D six-by-six truck chassis fitted with a bank of 40 launch tubes arranged in a rectangular shape that can be turned away from the unprotected cab. The vehicle is powered by a water-cooled V-8 180 hp gasoline engine, has a maximum road speed of 75 km/h (47 mph), road range of up to 750 kilometers (470 mi), and can cross fords up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) deep. The original vehicle together with supporting equipment (including the re-supply truck 9T254 with 60 rockets) is referred to by the GRAU index “9K51”; the launcher itself has the industrial index of “2B5”. In 1976, the BM-21 was mounted on the newer Ural-4320 six-by-six army truck.
The technical characteristics may have minor differences according to the different manufacturers of the given product. The manufacturers reserve the right to make changes to the specified parameters.
Mass: 13.71 tonnes (30,225 lb)
Length: 7.35 m (24 ft 1 in)
Barrel length: 3.0 m (9 ft 10 in)
Width: 2.40 m (7 ft 10 in)
Height: 3.09 m (10 ft 2 in)
Crew: 3
Barrels: 40
Rate of fire: 2 rounds/s
Muzzle velocity: 690 m/s (2,264 ft/s)
Maximum firing range: 20 km (12 mi) (new rockets 30–45 km)
Sights: PG-1M panoramic telescope
Engine: V-8 gasoline ZiL-375 – 180 hp (130 kW)
Suspension: 6×6 wheeled
Operational range: 405 km (251 mi)
Maximum speed: 75 km/h (47 mph)
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